Lecture - 38 Concrete Pavement Design Indian Congress Method

Lecture Series on Introduction to Transportation Engineering by Prof. Bhargab Maitra and Prof. K. Sudhakar Reddy, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit nptel.iitm.ac.in

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Lec-3 Different Methods of Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Lecture series on Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures by Prof. N.Dhang, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit nptel.iitm.ac.in

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Concrete Cloth Civil Applications

Concrete Cloth is a cement impregnated fabric, that hardens when hydrated, to form a thin, durable concrete layer. The material has a wide range of civil engineering applications.

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Precast Concrete Retaining Wall

A precast concrete retaining wall is normally used to retain earth or similar materials. It is also used to divide agricultural buildings such as a grain sheds or waste transfer stations to create storage bays.

Concrete retaining walls have gained in favour over in-situ concrete walls or timber walls and are very popular for civil engineering projects. They tend to be more economical, easier to install and more environmentally sound than other options. There are two main methods for fixing the retaining wall in place; embedding them into a concrete floor, or alternatively, using a ground fixing kit. The advantage of the latter solution is that the concrete retaining wall can be moved at a later date.

One of the most important things to consider when building a concrete retaining wall is the force at which the retained material is attempting to move forward and slide due to the force of gravity. This creates a lateral earth pressure behind the wall. Earth pressures will push the wall forward or overturn it if not properly looked at. Also, any groundwater behind the wall that is allowed to build up will cause an additional horizontal pressure on the wall. This problem can be solved by placing suitable drainage holes in the wall. While it can be an unwanted expense, getting a design from a structural engineer is very important and can save a lot of time and expense further down the line.

There are a range of products suitable for use as a concrete retaining wall. The most suitable product will depend on a number of factors including; the material retained, the height of the wall, site restrictions and budget. A few products that are worth considering; concrete panels (either used horizontally or vertically), L shape retaining wall units or concrete crib wall units. While the material costs can look expensive, after taking into account the savings in terms of installation, it often works out as the desired solution.

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Colored Concrete - #009 ConcreteNetwork.com

Colored Concrete-Guide to Buying Stains and Dyes, and Guide to buying Integral Color and Color Hardener; Dabbling with Concrete Gives Civil Engineer the Inspiration to Change Careers; How to get colored concrete of the perfect shade; KoverKrete Systems Product "Poof"; Getting Started in the Field of Decorative Concrete with Bob Harris (training course). ConcreteNetwork.com presents Concrete Network TV.

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Module 6 Lecture - 5 Mechanical Properties of Concrete

Lecture Series on Building Materials and Construction by Dr .B.Bhattacharjee, Department of Civil Engineering,IIT Delhi. For more details on NPTEL visit nptel.iitm.ac.in

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Methods of Concrete Foundation Waterproofing As Recommended By Specialists

Devastating effects as well as the use of long man hours can be the result of water that seeps in through concrete so that it could be repaired and the flaw be corrected. The poor construction of the drainage systems around the foundation usually causes this to happen. Or it can also be because of condensation or water trapped in between the building, inferior construction methods and grading systems and lack of proper concrete foundation waterproofing methods. Waterproofing of concrete foundation makes sure that the water or moisture does not seep in through the concrete of the foundation after the construction is done. Cement, which is the paste that holds the concrete together, has different types and also have different reactions when water is mixed with it. There are various common methods that are advocated by professional construction workers and civil engineers that waterproofs concrete foundations. The most basic and commonly used method is the application of the liquid membranes. The liquid that settles into a substance that is like rubber on top of the concrete will cover all the gaps that might have been left out while the concrete was in the process of settling.

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Module 5 Lecture - 1 Fresh Concrete

Lecture Series on Building Materials and Construction by Dr .B.Bhattacharjee, Department of Civil Engineering,IIT Delhi. For more details on NPTEL visit nptel.iitm.ac.in

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Module 6 Lecture - 2 Strength of Concrete

Lecture Series on Building Materials and Construction by Dr .B.Bhattacharjee, Department of Civil Engineering,IIT Delhi. For more details on NPTEL visit nptel.iitm.ac.in

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Lecture - 35 Analysis of Concrete Pavements

Lecture Series on Introduction to Transportation Engineering by Prof. Bhargab Maitra and Prof. K. Sudhakar Reddy, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit nptel.iitm.ac.in

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Concrete Ingredients: Cement & Mineral Admixtures

What is Portland Cement?

Portland cement (PC) is the principal binder that, upon hydration and setting, holds aggregates (coarse and fine) together in concrete. It has the ability to stand in water and increase its strength over time. This ability elicits the term hydraulic cement for this type of cement.

What is the Composition of PC?

PC is a manufactured product formed within narrow confines of specific elements and subjected to heat treatment to form a semi-finished product called clinker. Raw materials used include: Limestone, Shale, Iron Ore and Sand.

The principal elemental ingredients in the raw materials are:

o Calcium Oxide (CaO)

o Silicon (SiO2)

o Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3)

o Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) in addition to other elemental oxides.

It is possible sometimes to have all these elemental oxides in some limestones. Where the principal source, limestone, is deficient in any of the elemental oxides then the other ingredients are added in the right proportion in preparation for the manufacturing process.

The latter process comprise of three phases:

1. Grinding the materials into a powder form

2. Heating the powdered material in a kiln up to about 2700°F

3. Grinding the clinker formed with gypsum to form PC

When PC is mixed with water either to form a cement paste or concrete, in a process called hydration, a chemical reaction takes place and for simplicity sake two principal products are formed: 1) calcium silicate hydrate, C-S-H and 2) calcium hydroxide

Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H) is insoluble in water. It gives the title hydraulic to set PC's ability to stand in water without any detriment. Calcium hydroxide is soluble in water and leaches out of set concrete and in a two step approach first, the solution is drawn to the exterior wall of the structure and secondly, react with carbon dioxide of the atmosphere to form chalk, the white, efflorescence salt found on concrete walls.

MINERAL ADMIXTURE - Mineral admixtures used in concrete formulations contain oxides of silica and other oxides that are found in Portland cement. Examples of mineral admixtures include fly ash, silica fume and volcanic ash.

Mineral admixtures used in concrete may be referred to as Pozzolans, or materials that won't harden in water but in the presence of lime, react and harden to form a stone-like mass.

One important use of mineral admixtures in concrete is the ability of the silica component to react with the soluble calcium hydroxide formed in the hydrating cement to form an insoluble calcium silicate hydrate thus helping to form a dense, compact concrete/cement paste.

Concrete formulated with mineral admixtures are not likely to form efflorescence salts. The use of mineral admixtures in concrete helps resist sulfate attack and alkali-silica reactivity. In the fresh concrete the presence of mineral admixtures often improve the workability of the mix.

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Module 5 Lecture - 2 Fresh Concrete: Role of Mix Parameters

Lecture Series on Building Materials and Construction by Dr .B.Bhattacharjee, Department of Civil Engineering,IIT Delhi. For more details on NPTEL visit nptel.iitm.ac.in

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Module 9 Lecture - 1 Mix Design of Concrete

Lecture Series on Building Materials and Construction by Dr. B. Bhattacharjee, Department of Civil Engineering,IIT Delhi. For more details on NPTEL visit nptel.iitm.ac.in



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Concrete Structures key of Civil Engineering